InhaltsangabeAbout the Editors xxi List of Contributors xxiii Preface xxvii SECTION I: INTRODUCTION 1 1 Introduction and Scope 3 John M. Chalmers, Howell G.M. Edwards and Michael D. Hargreaves 1.1 Historical Prologue 3 1.2 The Application of Infrared Spectroscopy and Raman Spectroscopy in Forensic Science 5 References 7 2 Vibrational Spectroscopy Techniques: Basics and Instrumentation 9 John M. Chalmers, Howell G.M. Edwards and Michael D. Hargreaves 2.1 Introduction 9 2.2 Vibrational Spectroscopy Techniques 9 2.3 Vibrational Spectroscopy: Instrumentation 22 2.4 Closing Remarks 40 References 40 3 Vibrational Spectroscopy Sampling Techniques 45 John M. Chalmers, Howell G.M. Edwards and Michael D. Hargreaves 3.1 Introduction 45 3.2 Vibrational Spectroscopy: Sampling Techniques 47 3.3 Closing Remarks 81 Acknowledgements 81 References 82 SECTION II: CRIMINAL SCENE 87 4 Criminal Forensic Analysis 89 Edward G. Bartick 4.1 Introduction 89 4.2 Forensic Analysis 90 4.3 General Use of IR and Raman Spectroscopy in Forensic Analysis 91 4.4 Applications of Evidential Material Analysis 93 4.5 Summary and Future Direction 105 Acknowledgements 106 References 106 4.1 Forensic Analysis of Hair by Infrared Spectroscopy 111 Kathryn S. Kalasinsky References 119 4.2 Raman Spectroscopy for Forensic Analysis of Household and Automotive Paints 121 Steven E.J. Bell, Samantha P. Stewart and W.J. Armstrong References 135 4.3 Raman Spectroscopy for the Characterisation of Inks on Written Documents 137 A. Guedes and A.C. Prieto References 149 4.4 Forensic Analysis of Fibres by Vibrational Spectroscopy 153 Peter M. Fredericks Acknowledgement 168 References 168 4.5 In Situ Crime Scene Analysis 171 Edward G. Bartick Acknowledgements 183 References 183 4.6 Raman spectroscopy gains currency 185 R. Withnall, A. Reip and J. Silver Acknowledgements 203 References 203 SECTION III: COUNTER TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY 205 5 Counter Terrorism and Homeland Security 207 Vincent Otieno-Alego and Naomi Speers 5.1 Introduction 207 5.2 Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy for Explosives Identification 208 5.3 Portable IR and Raman Instruments 213 5.4 PostBlast Examinations 217 5.5 Detection of Explosives in Fingerprints 217 5.6 Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy 218 5.7 Terahertz Spectroscopy of Explosives 221 5.8 Summary 226 Glossary 227 References 228 5.1 Tracing Bioagents - a Vibrational Spectroscopic Approach for a Fast and Reliable Identification of Bioagents 233 P. REURosch, U. MEURunchberg, S. StEURockel and J. Popp Acknowledgement 246 References 246 5.2 Raman Spectroscopic Studies of Explosives and Precursors: Applications and Instrumentation 251 Mary L. Lewis, Ian R. Lewis and Peter R. Griffiths References 269 5.3 Handheld Raman and FT-IR Spectrometers 275 Michael D. Hargreaves, Robert L. Green, Wayne Jalenak, Christopher D. Brown and Craig Gardner Disclaimer 286 References 286 5.4 NonInvasive Detection of Concealed Liquid and Powder Explosives using Spatially Offset Raman spectroscopy 289 Kevin Buckley and Pavel Matousek References 294 5.5 Terahertz Frequency Spectroscopy and its Potential for Security Applications 295 A.D. Burnett, A.G. Davies, P. Dean, J.E. Cunningham and E.H. Linfield Acknowledgements 309 References 310 SECTION IV: DRUGS AND DRUGS OF ABUSE 315 6 Raman Spectroscopy of Drugs of Abuse 317 Steven E.J. Bell, Samantha P. Stewart and S.J. Speers 6.1 Introduction 317 6.2 Bulk Drugs 317 6.3 Trace Detection 328 6.4 Conclusions 335 References 336 6.1 Drugs of Abuse - Application of Handheld FT-IR and Raman Spectrometers 339 Michael D. Hargreaves Disclaimer 348 References 348 6.2 NonInvasive Detection of Illicit Drugs Using Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy 351 Kevin Buckley and Pavel Matousek References 356

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