A CLASSROOM-TESTED TEXTBOOK PROVIDING A FUNDAMENTAL UNDERSTANDING OF BASIC KINETIC PROCESSES IN MATERIALS

This textbook, reflecting the hands-on teaching experience of its three authors, evolved from Massachusetts Institute of Technologys first-year graduate curriculum in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering. It discusses key topics collectively representing the basic kinetic processes that cause changes in the size, shape, composition, and atomistic structure of materials. Readers gain a deeper understanding of these kinetic processes and of the properties and applications of materials.

Topics are introduced in a logical order, enabling students to develop a solid foundation before advancing to more sophisticated topics.Kinetics of Materials begins with diffusion. offering a description of the elementary manner in which atoms and molecules move around in solids and liquids. Next, the more complex motion of dislocations and interfaces is addressed. Finally, still more complex kinetic phenomena, such as morphological evolution and phase transformations, are treated.

Throughout the textbook, readers are instilled with an appreciation of the subjects analytic foundations and, in many cases, the approximations commonly used in the field. The authors offer many extensive derivations of important results to help illuminate their origins. While the principal focus is on kinetic phenomena in crystalline materials, select phenomena in noncrystalline materials are also discussed. In many cases, the principles involved apply to all materials.

Exercises with accompanying solutions are provided throughoutKinetics of Materials, enabling readers to put their newfound knowledge into practice. In addition, bibliographies are offered with each chapter, helping readers to investigate specialized topics in greater detail. Several appendices presenting important background material are also included.

With its unique range of topics, progressive structure, and extensive exercises, this classroom- tested textbook provides an enriching learning experience for first-year graduate students.

ROBERT W. BALLUFEI, SCD, is Professor of Physical Metallurgy, Emeritus, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

SAMUEL M, ALLEN. PHD, is Professor of Physical Metallurgy, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

W. CRAIG CARTER. PHD. is Professor of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Preface xvii

Acknowldegments xix

Notation xx

Symbol Table-Roman xxi

Symbol Table-Greek xxv

1. Introduction 1

Part I: Motion of Atoms and Molecules By Diffusion

2. Irreversible Thermodynamics: Coupled Forces and Fluxes 23

3. Driving Forces and Fluxes for Diffusion 41

4. The Diffusion Equation 77

5. Solutions to the Diffusion Equation 99

6. Diffusion In MultiComponent Systems 131

7. Atomic Models for Diffusion 145

8. Diffusion in Crystals 163

9. Diffusion Along Crystal Imperfections 209

10. Diffusion in Noncrystalline Materials 229

Part II: Motion of Dislocations and Interfaces

11. Motion of Dislocations 253

12. Motion of Crystalline Surfaces 285

13. Motion of Crystalline Interfaces 303

Part III Morphological Evolution Due To Capillary and Applied Mechanical Forces

14. Surface Evolution due to Capillary Forces 337

15. Coarsening due to Capillary Forces 363

16. Morphological Evolution, Diffusional Creep, and Sintering 387

Part IV: Phase Transformations

17. General Features of Phase Transformations 419

18. Spinodal and Order-Disorder Transformations 433

19. Nucleation 459

20. Growth of Phases in Concentration and Thermal Fields 501

21. Concurrent Nucleation and Growth 533

22. Solidification 543

23. Precipitation 555

24. Martensitic Transformations 563

Appendix A: Densities, Fractions, and Atomic Volumes of Components 587

Appendix B: Structure of Crystalline Interfaces 591

Appendix C: Capillarity and Mathematics of Space Curves and Interfaces 601

Illustration Credits 617

Cited Author Index 620

Figure Index 623

Topic Index 639