This book provides a comprehensive overview of acute and chronic critical limb ischemia (CLI). Loss of an extremity, or a portion thereof, is not necessarily a life-ending process, but it is a debilitating experience whether involvement is of the upper or lower extremity. It reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiology, etiology, physical examination, imaging modalities, diagnosis, and treatment of limb ischemia. It investigates the most frequent as well as the more unusual etiological processes that may lead to the most dreaded concern of patients and families: amputation. The therapeutics of CLI has been significantly advanced through the multidisciplinary approach to the patient and disease, a focus that is explored in detail throughout the book. Surgical and endovascular treatment guidelines as well as medical therapy, wound healing, and long-term care are discussed. Featuring an extensive illustration program,Critical Limb Ischemia: Acute and Chronic, is a valuable resource for vascular and endovascular surgeons, vascular medicine specialists, interventional radiologists, and cardiologists.

Robert S. Dieter, MD, RVT

Loyola University Medical Center

Maywood, IL, USA

Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital

Hines, IL, USA

Raymond A. Dieter Jr., MD, MS

Northwestern Medicine

Central DuPage Hospital

Glen Ellyn, IL, USA

Raymond A. Dieter, III, MD

The University of Tennessee Medical Center

Knoxville, TN, USA

Aravinda Nanjundappa, MD, RVT

West Virginia University

Charleston, WV, USA

Epidemiology of Acute Critical Limb Ischemia.- Epidemiology of Chronic Critical Limb Ischemia.- Classification Systems for Acute and Chronic Limb Ischemia.- Pathologic Aspects of Ischemic Limb Disease.- History and Physical Exam of Acute Limb Ischemia.- History and Physical Exam of Chronic Critical Limb Ischemia.- Vascular Anatomy of the Upper Limbs.- Vascular Anatomy of the Lower Limbs.- Overlap of Atherosclerotic Disease.- Differential Diagnosis of Upper Extremity Ischemia.- Differential Diagnosis for Lower Extremity Ischemia and Ulcerations: Focus on Non-Atherosclerotic Etiologies.- Progression from Peripheral Artery Disease to Critical Limb Ischemia.- Basic Science of Wound Healing.- Diagnostic Approach to Chronic Critical Limb Ischemia.- Diagnostic Approach to Acute Limb Ischemia.- CT Evaluation of Critical Limb Ischemia.- Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Acute and Chronic Limb Ischemia.- Non-Invasive Imaging in Critical Limb Ischemia.- Invasive Imaging in Critical Limb Ischemia.- Vascular Trauma to the Extremity - Diagnosis and Management.- Iatrogenic Extremity Ischemia with the Potential for Amputation.- Thromboangiitis Obliterans.- Critical Ischemia in Patients with Raynauds Phenomenon.- Hypercoagulable Conditions Leading to Limb Ischemia.- Vasculitis.- Cholesterol Emboli.- Venous Etiologies of Acute Limb Ischemia.- Malignant and Benign Tumor Induced Critical Limb Ischemia.- Frostbite.- Vascular Issues in Thermal Injury.- Diabetic Foot.- Critical Limb Ischemia and the Angiosome Model.- Principles of Endovascular Treatment of Critical Limb Ischemia.- Endovascular Technologies for Chronic Critical Limb Ischemia.- Surgical Revascularization of Chronic Limb Ischemia.- Importance of Pedal Arch in Treatment of Critical Limb Ischemia.- Endovascular and Thrombolytic Therapy for Upper and Lower Extremity Acute Limb Ischemia.- Surgical Treatment for Acute Limb Ischemia.- Sympathectomy Revisited: Current Status in Management of Critical Limb Ischemia.- Spinal Cord Stimulation.- Omental Transplant for Revascularization in Critical Ischemic Limbs and Tissues.- Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Critical Limb Ischemia.- Gene and Cell Therapy for Critical Limb Ischemia.- Lower Extremity Ulceration:  Evaluation and Care.- Diagnosis and Management of Wound Infections.- Wound Care - Maggot Debridement Therapy.- Medical Therapy for Critical Limb Ischemia.- Endocrine Considerations in Critical Limb Ischemia.- Renal Considerations in Critical Limb Ischemia.- Upper Extremity Amputation.- Amputations in the Foot and Ankle.- Major Amputation of the Lower Extremity for Critical Limb Ischemia.- Extremity Replantation or Transplantation.- The Importance of a Multidisciplinary Approach to Leg Ulcers.- Appropriate Endpoints for Chronic Limb Ischemia.- Economic Burden of Chronic Critical Limb Ischemia.- The Long Term Care of Patients with Critical Limb Ischemia.