The Fischer-Tropsch process is gaining recognition again due to the world-wide increase in energy needs and decrease in oil availability. The increasing interest in utilizing biomass as a potential renewable feedstock in energy generation is further supporting this development. The book covers the production and refining of Fischer-Tropsch syncrude to fuels and chemicals systematically and comprehensively, presenting a wealth of new knowledge and material. As such, it deals extensively with aspects of engineering, chemistry and catalysis. This handbook and ready reference adopts a fundamental approach, looking at the molecules and their transformation from feed to product. Numerous examples illustrate the possibilities and limitations of Fischer-Tropsch syncrude as feesdstock. Of great interest to everyone interested in refining - not just Fischer-Tropsch specialists. From the Contents: * FischerTropsch Facilities and Refineries at a Glance * Production of Fischer-Tropsch Syncrude * Industrial Fischer-Tropsch Facilities * Synthetic Transportation Fuels * Refining Technology * Refinery Design

Hersteller:
Wiley-VCH GmbH
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DE 69469 Weinheim

Arno de Klerk has been active in the field of Fischer-Tropsch refining for more than 15 years. Most of his industrial career was spent at Sasol, where he headed the Fischer-Tropsch Refinery Catalysis group from 2001-2008. Presently, he is the Nexen Professor of Catalytic Reaction Engineering in the Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering at the University of Alberta. He is registered as professional engineer in both South Africa and Canada (Alberta), holding a PhD in Chemical Engineering and an MSc in Chemistry. Professor de Klerk received the Innovation Award from the South African Institution of Chemical Engineers for his work on refining and refining catalysis on three occasions.

Leseprobe

Preface PART I: Introduction FISCHER-TROPSCH FACILITIES AT A GLANCE Introduction Feed-to-Syngas Conversion Syngas-to-Syncrude Conversion Syncrude-to-Product Conversion Indirect Liquefaction Economics REFINING AND REFINERIES AT A GLANCE Introduction Conventional Crude Oil Products from Crude Oil Evolution of Crude Oil Refineries PART II: Production of Fischer-Tropsch Syncrude SYNTHESIS GAS PRODUCTION, CLEANING, AND CONDITIONING Introduction Raw Materials Syngas from Natural Gas Syngas from Solid Carbon Sources Syngas Cleaning Syngas Conditioning Air Separation Unit FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS Introduction Fischer-Tropsch Mechanism Fischer-Tropsch Product Selectivity Selectivity Manipulation in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst Deactivitation PART III: Industrial Fischer-Tropsch Facilities FISCHER-TROPSCH GAS LOOPS Introduction Gas Loop Configurations Syncrude Cooling and Separation GERMAN FISCHER-TROPSCH FACILITIES Introduction Synthesis Gas Production Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Fischer-Tropsch Refining Discussion of the Refinery Design AMERICAN HYDROCOL FACILITY Introduction Synthesis Gas Production Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Fischer-Tropsch Refining Discussion of the Refinery Design SASOL 1 FACILITY Introduction Synthesis Gas Production Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Fischer-Tropsch Refining Evolution of the Sasol 1 Facility Discussion of the Refinery Design SASOL 2 AND 3 FACILITIES Introduction Synthesis Gas Production Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Fischer-Tropsch Refining Evolution of Sasol Synfuels Discussion of the Refinery Design MOSSGAS FACILITY Introduction Synthesis Gas Production Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Fischer-Tropsch Refining Evolution of the PetroSA Facility Discussion of the Refinery Design SHELL MIDDLE DISTILLATE SYNTHESIS (SMDS) FACILITIES Introduction Synthesis Gas Production in Bintulu GTL Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis in Bintulu GTL Fischer-Tropsch Refining in Bintulu GTL Pearl GTL Facility Discussion of the Refinery Design ORYX AND ESCRAVOS GAS-TO-LIQUIDS FACILITIES Introduction Synthesis Gas Production in Oryx GTL Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis in Oryx GTL Fischer-Tropsch Refining in Oryx GTL Discussion of the Refinery Design PART IV: Synthetic Transportation Fuels MOTOR-GASOLINE Introduction Motor-Gasoline Specifications Motor-Gasoline Properties Aviation Gasoline Future Motor-Gasoline Specification Changes JET FUEL Introduction Jet Fuel Specifications Jet Fuel Properties Future Jet Fuel Specification Changes DIESEL FUEL Introduction Diesel Fuel Specifications Diesel Fuel Properties Diesel Fuel Additives That Affect Refinery Design Future Diesel Fuel Specification Changes PART V: Refining Technology REFINING TECHNOLOGY SELECTION Introduction Hydrotreating Addition and Removal of Oxygen Alkene Conversion Alkane Conversion Residue Conversion DEHYDRATION, ETHERIFICATION, AND HYDRATION Introduction Dehydration Etherification Hydration ISOMERIZATION Introduction Reaction Chemistry Skeletal Isomerization Hydroisomerization OLIGOMERIZATION Introduction Reaction Chemistry Catalysis Syncrude Process Technology AROMATIC ALKYLATION Introduction Reaction Chemistry Catalysis Syncrude Process Technology CRACKING Introduction Reaction Chemistry Thermal Cracking Catalytic Cracking Hydrocracking REFORMING AND AROMATIZATION Introduction Thermal Naphtha Reforming Conventional Catalytic Naphtha Reforming Monofunctional Nonacidic Pt/L-Zeolite Naphtha Reforming Aromatization CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES Introduction Production of n-1-Aleknes (Linear Alpha-Olefins) Autoxid ...