Inhaltsangabe1 Resolution, Characterisation and Classification of c-Type Cytochromes.- 1.1 Resolution.- 1.1.1 The Location of Cytochrome c.- 1.1.2 SDS Gel Electrophoresis and Heme Detection.- 1.1.3 Redox Potentiometry and Spectroscopy.- 1.2 Characterisation.- 1.2.1 Size.- 1.2.2 Amino Acid Analysis and Heme Content.- 1.2.3 Spectra.- 1.2.4 Midpoint Oxidation Reduction Potentials.- 1.3 Classification.- 1.3.1 Cytochrome Classes I, II and III.- 1.3.2 Subdivision of Class I.- References.- 2 The Role of Mitochondrial Cytochrome c in Electron Transport.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Reaction of Cytochrome c with the Inner Membrane Electron Transfer System.- 2.2.1 General Features of the Inner Membrane Cytochrome Complexes.- 2.2.1.1 Coenzyme Q-Cytochrome c Oxidoreductase (Complex III).- 2.2.1.2 Cytochrome Oxidase.- 2.2.1.3 The Stoichiometry of the Cytochrome System.- 2.2.2 Direct Binding Studies.- 2.2.3 Kinetics.- 2.2.3.1 Cytochrome Oxidase.- 2.2.3.2 CoQ Cytochrome c Oxidoreductase and Cytochrome c1.- 2.2.3.3 Electron Transport in Mitochondria.- 2.3 Reaction of Cytochrome c with Intermembrane Redox Systems.- 2.3.1 The Cytochrome b5 Family.- 2.3.2 Cytochrome c Peroxidase.- 2.4 The Binding Surface of Cytochrome c.- 2.4.1 Introduction.- 2.4.2 Cytochrome Oxidase and CoQ Cytochrome c Oxidoreductase.- 2.4.3 The Intermembrane Redox Reactions.- 2.5 Structural Studies on the Electron Transfer Complexes of Cytochrome c.- 2.5.1 With Cytochrome Oxidase and CoQ Cytochrome c Oxidoreductase.- 2.5.2 With Cytochrome b5.- 2.5.3 With Cytochrome c Peroxidase.- 2.6 Ion Binding to Cytochrome c.- 2.7 Theoretical Aspects of Complex Formation by Cytochrome c.- 2.7.1 Monopole-Monopole Interactions.- 2.7.2 Pre-Orientation by Electrostatic Interaction.- 2.7.3 Surface Diffusion.- 2.7.4 Thermodynamic Measurements of Complex Formation.- 2.7.5 The Role of Local Complementary Charge Interactions.- 2.8 An Assessment of the Role of Cytochrome c in the Mitochondrion.- 2.8.1 The Reaction with Cytochrome Oxidase.- 2.8.2 The Transfer of Electrons Between Complex III and Cytochrome Oxidase.- 2.8.3 The Role of Cytochrome c in the Intermembrane Space.- 2.8.4 The Physiological Relevance of the Biphasic Kinetics.- References.- 3 The Function of Bacterial and Photosynthetic Cytochromes c.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Donor Reactions to Cytochrome c - The bc1/bf Complex.- 3.2.1 Cytochrome c1 and f and the Role of the bc1/bf Complex.- 3.2.2 Composition and Mode of Action of the bc1/bf Complex.- 3.2.3 The Purification of Cytochrome c1 and f.- 3.2.4 Electron Transfer Activity of Cytochrome f and c1.- 3.2.5 Distribution.- 3.3 Donor Reactions to Cytochrome c - Chemolithotrophy.- 3.3.1 The Oxidation of Ammonia.- 3.3.2 The Oxidation of Methane and Methanol.- 3.3.3 The Oxidation of Sulfur Compounds.- 3.3.4 The Oxidation of Nitrite.- 3.3.5 The Oxidation of Ferrous Iron.- 3.4 Oxygen as a Terminal Electron Acceptor.- 3.4.1 Introduction.- 3.4.2 Cytochrome aa3.- 3.4.3 Cytochrome o.- 3.4.4 Cytochrome c Peroxidases.- 3.5 Nitrate Respiration and Denitrification.- 3.5.1 The Biology of Denitrification.- 3.5.2 The Reduction of Nitrate to Nitrite.- 3.5.3 The Reduction of Nitrite.- 3.5.3.1 Cytochrome cd1.- 3.5.3.2 Other Nitrite Reductases.- 3.5.4 The Reduction of Nitric Oxide and Nitrous Oxide.- 3.5.5 Electron Transport and the Role of Cytochrome c.- 3.5.6 Energy Conservation.- 3.6 The Oxidation of Cytochrome c by the Photosynthetic Reaction Centre.- 3.6.1 Photosynthetie Reaction Centres.- 3.6.2 Cytochromes c2 in the Rhodospirillaceae.- 3.6.3 Reaction Centre Cytochrome c.- 3.6.4 The Chlorobiaceae.- 3.6.5 The Algal Cytochromes c and Plastocyanin.- 3.7 Sulfate Respiration and the Production of Sulfide.- 3.7.1 The Biology of the Sulfate-Redueing Bacteria.- 3.7.2 Electron Transport and the Roles of Cytochromes c.- 3.7.3 Energy Conservation.- References.- 4 The Biosynthesis of Cytochrome c.- 4.1 Gene Structure and the Control of Gene Expression.- 4.1.1 The Structure of the Genes for Mitochondrial Cytochrome c.- 4.1.2 The Control

Inhaltsangabe1 Resolution, Characterisation and Classification of c-Type Cytochromes.- 1.1 Resolution.- 1.1.1 The Location of Cytochrome c.- 1.1.2 SDS Gel Electrophoresis and Heme Detection.- 1.1.3 Redox Potentiometry and Spectroscopy.- 1.2 Characterisation.- 1.2.1 Size.- 1.2.2 Amino Acid Analysis and Heme Content.- 1.2.3 Spectra.- 1.2.4 Midpoint Oxidation Reduction Potentials.- 1.3 Classification.- 1.3.1 Cytochrome Classes I, II and III.- 1.3.2 Subdivision of Class I.- References.- 2 The Role of Mitochondrial Cytochrome c in Electron Transport.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Reaction of Cytochrome c with the Inner Membrane Electron Transfer System.- 2.2.1 General Features of the Inner Membrane Cytochrome Complexes.- 2.2.1.1 Coenzyme Q-Cytochrome c Oxidoreductase (Complex III).- 2.2.1.2 Cytochrome Oxidase.- 2.2.1.3 The Stoichiometry of the Cytochrome System.- 2.2.2 Direct Binding Studies.- 2.2.3 Kinetics.- 2.2.3.1 Cytochrome Oxidase.- 2.2.3.2 CoQ Cytochrome c Oxidoreductase and Cytochrome c1.- 2.2.3.3 Electron Transport in Mitochondria.- 2.3 Reaction of Cytochrome c with Intermembrane Redox Systems.- 2.3.1 The Cytochrome b5 Family.- 2.3.2 Cytochrome c Peroxidase.- 2.4 The Binding Surface of Cytochrome c.- 2.4.1 Introduction.- 2.4.2 Cytochrome Oxidase and CoQ Cytochrome c Oxidoreductase.- 2.4.3 The Intermembrane Redox Reactions.- 2.5 Structural Studies on the Electron Transfer Complexes of Cytochrome c.- 2.5.1 With Cytochrome Oxidase and CoQ Cytochrome c Oxidoreductase.- 2.5.2 With Cytochrome b5.- 2.5.3 With Cytochrome c Peroxidase.- 2.6 Ion Binding to Cytochrome c.- 2.7 Theoretical Aspects of Complex Formation by Cytochrome c.- 2.7.1 Monopole-Monopole Interactions.- 2.7.2 Pre-Orientation by Electrostatic Interaction.- 2.7.3 Surface Diffusion.- 2.7.4 Thermodynamic Measurements of Complex Formation.- 2.7.5 The Role of Local Complementary Charge Interactions.- 2.8 An Assessment of the Role of Cytochrome c in the Mitochondrion.- 2.8.1 The Reaction with Cytochrome Oxidase.- 2.8.2 The Transfer of Electrons Between Complex III and Cytochrome Oxidase.- 2.8.3 The Role of Cytochrome c in the Intermembrane Space.- 2.8.4 The Physiological Relevance of the Biphasic Kinetics.- References.- 3 The Function of Bacterial and Photosynthetic Cytochromes c.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Donor Reactions to Cytochrome c - The bc1/bf Complex.- 3.2.1 Cytochrome c1 and f and the Role of the bc1/bf Complex.- 3.2.2 Composition and Mode of Action of the bc1/bf Complex.- 3.2.3 The Purification of Cytochrome c1 and f.- 3.2.4 Electron Transfer Activity of Cytochrome f and c1.- 3.2.5 Distribution.- 3.3 Donor Reactions to Cytochrome c - Chemolithotrophy.- 3.3.1 The Oxidation of Ammonia.- 3.3.2 The Oxidation of Methane and Methanol.- 3.3.3 The Oxidation of Sulfur Compounds.- 3.3.4 The Oxidation of Nitrite.- 3.3.5 The Oxidation of Ferrous Iron.- 3.4 Oxygen as a Terminal Electron Acceptor.- 3.4.1 Introduction.- 3.4.2 Cytochrome aa3.- 3.4.3 Cytochrome o.- 3.4.4 Cytochrome c Peroxidases.- 3.5 Nitrate Respiration and Denitrification.- 3.5.1 The Biology of Denitrification.- 3.5.2 The Reduction of Nitrate to Nitrite.- 3.5.3 The Reduction of Nitrite.- 3.5.3.1 Cytochrome cd1.- 3.5.3.2 Other Nitrite Reductases.- 3.5.4 The Reduction of Nitric Oxide and Nitrous Oxide.- 3.5.5 Electron Transport and the Role of Cytochrome c.- 3.5.6 Energy Conservation.- 3.6 The Oxidation of Cytochrome c by the Photosynthetic Reaction Centre.- 3.6.1 Photosynthetie Reaction Centres.- 3.6.2 Cytochromes c2 in the Rhodospirillaceae.- 3.6.3 Reaction Centre Cytochrome c.- 3.6.4 The Chlorobiaceae.- 3.6.5 The Algal Cytochromes c and Plastocyanin.- 3.7 Sulfate Respiration and the Production of Sulfide.- 3.7.1 The Biology of the Sulfate-Redueing Bacteria.- 3.7.2 Electron Transport and the Roles of Cytochromes c.- 3.7.3 Energy Conservation.- References.- 4 The Biosynthesis of Cytochrome c.- 4.1 Gene Structure and the Control of Gene Expression.- 4.1.1 The Structure of the Genes for Mitochondrial Cytochrome c.- 4.1.2 The Control