Inhaltsangabe1 The Pharmacology of Alcohol Abuse: An Introduction.- References.- 2 Alcohol-Induced Changes in Neuronal Membranes.- A. Introduction.- B. Historical Overview.- I. The Meyer-Overton Hypothesis.- II. Membrane Disorder.- C. Membrane Lipid Effects.- I. Disordering of Membranes by Acute Ethanol.- II. Partitioning of Ethanol into Membranes.- III. Pressure Reversal of Acute Effects of Ethanol.- IV. Membrane Lipid Composition Changes Due to Chronic Ethanol Exposure.- 1. Phospholipids.- 2. Cholesterol.- 3. Acyl Chain Composition.- 4. Do Lipid Composition Changes Cause Tolerance or Change Membrane Function?.- V. Effects of Ethanol on Membrane Lipid Domains.- 1. Lipid Classes.- 2. Transbilayer Lipid Distribution.- 3. Annular Lipids.- 4. Lateral Membrane Domains.- VI. Ethanol-Induced Hypothermia.- VII. Lipid Effects on Proteins.- D. Membrane Protein Effects.- I. Direct Effects of Acute Ethanol on Proteins.- 1. Firefly Luciferase.- 2. The GABAa Receptor.- II. Protein Model of the Anesthetic Cutoff Effect.- III. Effects of Ethanol on Calcium Channels.- IV. Effects of Ethanol on Intracellular Calcium.- V. Effects of Ethanol on G-Protein-Related Systems.- 1. Acute Effects on Protein Kinase C.- 2. The Adenylyl Cyclase System.- 3. Chronic Effects.- VI. Effects of Chronic Ethanol on Receptor Subunit Expression.- 1. The GABAa Receptor.- 2. Origin of mRNA Effects.- E. Conclusions.- References.- 3 Effects of Ethanol on Voltage-Dependent Calcium Channel Function.- A. Voltage-Dependent Calcium Channels.- I. Introduction.- II. L Type Channels.- III. N, P, and T Type Channels.- 1. Conclusions.- B. Effects of Ethanol and Other Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs on Voltage-Dependent Calcium Channels.- I. Ethanol Effects on Ion Channels.- II. Ethanol Effects on Different Types of Calcium Channel.- III. Brain Regional Differences in the Effects of Ethanol.- IV. Chronic Ethanol Effects on Calcium Channels.- V. Calcium Channel Blockers and Ethanol Preference.- VI. Conclusions.- C. Effects of Barbiturates and Benzodiazepines on Calcium Channels.- I. Conclusions.- References.- 4 Effects of Alcohol on Excitatory Amino Acid Receptor Function.- A. Introduction.- I. Site of Action of Ethanol: Protein Versus Lipid.- B. Ethanol and Excitatory Amino Acid Receptors.- I. Characteristics of Glutamate Receptors.- II. Ethanol and NMD A Receptor Function: Acute Effects.- 1. Mechanism of Action of Ethanol.- 2. Effects of Anesthetics and Sedative Hypnotics.- 3. Ethanol and the NMD A Receptor In Vivo.- 4. Ethanol and the NMDA Receptor in Development.- III. Ethanol and NMDA Receptor Function: Chronic Effects.- 1. Role of NMDA Receptors in Ethanol Withdrawal (Physical Dependence).- 2. Role of NMDA Receptors in Ethanol Tolerance.- 3. Role of NMDA Receptors in Opiate Tolerance and Dependence.- C. Summary: Ethanol and the NMDA Receptor.- References.- 5 Effects of Alcohol on GABA-Mediated Neurotransmission.- A. Introduction.- B. Behavioral Studies.- C. Binding Studies.- D. Functional Studies.- I. Electrophysiological Studies.- II. Chloride Flux.- E. Rol5-4513: Ethanol Antagonist.- F. Molecular Biological Studies.- G. Chronic Ethanol Treatment and GABA Receptor Gene Expression.- H. Conclusions.- References.- 6 Involvement of CNS Catecholamines in Alcohol Self-Administration, Tolerance, and Dependence: Preclinical Studies.- A. Introduction.- B. Acute Effects of Investigator-Administered Ethanol: Potential for Catecholamine Involvement in Ethanol Reinforcement.- I. Norepinephrine.- II. Dopamine.- C. Oral Ethanol Seif-Administration in Nonoperant Situations.- I. Limited Access Ethanol Drinking Situations.- 1. Norepinephrine.- 2. Dopamine.- II. Continuous Access Ethanol Drinking Situations.- 1. Norepinephrine.- 2. Dopamine.- III. Operant Paradigms of Oral Ethanol Self-Administration.- 1. Norepinephrine.- 2. Dopamine.- D. Chronic Effects of Ethanol on Noradrenergic and Dopaminergic Activity.- I. Norepinephrine.- II. Dopamine.- E. Role of Catecholamines in Ethanol Tolerance and Physical Dependence.

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