This book is based on teaching material for the post-graduate course International Nutrition Policy, Theory and Implementation offered for Master and PhD students at the Department of Nutritional Sciences of the University of Vienna, Austria. The objective of this course and hence, this book, is to acquaint students with the current world nutrition and health concerns and to familiarize them with the basics, methods, as well as monitoring and evaluation of employed strategies and intervention programs and how to develop an action plan. It includes an introduction to the background of global nutrition policy (definition, historical overview, justification, concept) and examples for its implementation at regional and national level. In this context, a particular focus is laid on the prevention and control of all forms of malnutrition and associated noncommunicable chronic diseases, also taking into account a food-systems approach. Reference will be made to the strategies and problem-oriented interventions of agencies of the UN system (WHO, FAO, UNICEF, WFP, and World Bank).